如何写出一个完整的句子呢?
需知构成句子的基本组成部分,即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、同位语、状语。英语句子组成成分有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、同位语、状语。
主语是动词发出的对象;
谓语是动词;
宾语是动词承受对象;
表语说明主语品质、性质、身份、特征和状态,通常在系动词(be/become/feel/sound/turn)后面;
定语修饰、描述主语或宾语,形容词通常做定语;
补语补充说明主语或宾语;
同位语是以一个名词来解释另一个名词或代词;
状语表时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、程度等,副词通常做状语。
举例说明【简单句】
1.My sister Amy sings well. 我妹妹艾米唱歌很棒。 |
My | 定语 |
sister | 主语 |
Susan | 同位语 |
sings | 谓语 |
very well | 状语 |
2. I painted the wall white. 我把墙漆成白色的。 |
I | 主语 |
painted | 谓语 |
the wall | 宾语 |
white | 补语(宾语补足语) |
[延申]补语的两种形式
⑴宾语补足语
可由名词、形容词、数词、不定式、分词、介词短语等充当。
例句:
We invite you to bring your family and friends on that special day. 我们邀请您届时带上亲朋好友。 |
We | 主语 |
Invite | 谓语 |
you | 宾语 |
to bring your family and friends | 宾语补足语(修饰宾语) |
on that special day | 时间状语 |
⑵主语补足语
可由名词、形容词、数词、不定式、分词、介词短语等充当。
例句:
No one is known to have escaped. 据说无人逃脱 |
No one | 主语 |
to have escaped | 主语补足语(修饰主语) |
换一个表达可以是:(It’s known that) no one have escaped.[本句为主语从句,从句是真正的主语,即no one have escaped]
一、主语的形式
主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语来担任。
例句:
The sun rises in the east. | 主语为代词 |
He likes dancing. | 主语为名词 |
Twenty years is a short time in history. | 主语为数词 |
Seeing is believing. | 主语为动名词 翻译:眼见为实 |
To see is to believe. | 主语为不定式 翻译:眼见为实 |
What he needs is a book. | 主语为主语从句 |
It’s very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. | 主语为主语从句 在这it是形式主语 |
二、谓语的形式
⑴简单谓语:简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成
例句:
I saw your face. | 我见过你 |
He look after two orphans. | 他照顾两个孤儿 |
⑵复杂谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词组成
例句:
He can speak English well. | 他英语说得很好 |
She doesn't seem to like dancing. | 她看起来不喜欢跳舞 |
We have finished reading this book. | 我们已经读完这本书了 |
三、表语的形式
系动词之后的成分是表语。表语可以由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、形容词化的分词、不定式、表语从句来充当。
例句:
He is a teacher. | 表语为名词 |
Eight o'clock.You don't look it. | 表语为代词 |
Six and Six is twelve. | 表语为数词 |
He is asleep. | 表语为形容词 翻译:他睡着了 |
His father is in. | 表语为副词 翻译:他爸爸在里面 |
The picture is on the wall. | 表语为介词短语 翻译:照片在墙上 |
My watch is gone/missing/lost. | 表语为形容词化的分词 翻译:我的表丢了 |
To wear a flower is to say “I am poor,I can’t buy a ring. | 表语为不定式 翻译:戴花就好像是表示“我很穷,我连一个戒指都买不起” |
The question is whether they will come. | 表语为表语从句 翻译:问题是他们是否会来 |
【扩展】
常见的系动词有:
be (am,is,are),sound,look,feel,smell,taste,remain,feel···
例句:
①It sounds a good idea.
②Her voice sounds sweet.
③The food tastes good.
④This perfume smells good. 这个香水味道闻起来很好
四、定语的形式
用来修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
例句:
Tom is a chemistry teacher. | 定语为名词 翻译:汤姆是一个化学老师 |
He is our friend. | 定语为代词 |
We belong to the third world. | 定语为数词 |
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. | 定语为形容词 |
The man over there is my old friend. | 定语为副词 |
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. | 定语为介词短语 |
The boy playing football are in Class 2. | 定语为现在分词短语 |
The tree planted last year are growing wellnow. | 定语为过去分词短语 翻译:去年种的树现在长得很好了 |
I have an idea to do it well. | 定语为不定式 |
You should do everything that I do. | 定语为定语从句 |
例句:
①The girl in red is her sister.
②We have a lot of work to do.
③The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
④Do you know the man who spoke just now?
五、状语的形式
状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。表示时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
I will go there tomorrow. | 表示时间 |
The meeting will be held in the meering-room. | 表示地点 |
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. | 表示原因 |
He studies hard to learn English well. | 表示结果 |
He didn’t study hard so that failed the exam. | 表示程度 |
I like some of you very much. | 表示程度 |
If you study hard,you will pass the exam. | 表示条件 |
Though he is young,he can do it well. | 表示方式和让步 |
以上。
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